-as

Variant of -at, seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat, Bushat.^[1] The [-t] and [-s] are both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. An Illyrian derivation.^[2]

• IPA^(key): /as/

-as m

1. used to form toponyms; -ian

Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *-os.

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): /-as/

-as m (noun-forming suffix, plural -asow)

1. Forms masculine nouns denoting capacity; -ful

   ‎hanaf (“cup”) + ‎-as → ‎hanafas (“cupful”)

   ‎dorn (“fist, hand”) + ‎-as → ‎dornas (“fistful, handful”)

2. Forms masculine nouns denoting the result of an action

   ‎gwia (“to weave”) + ‎-as → ‎gwias (“web”)

   ‎boks (“box; blow”) + ‎-as → ‎boksas (“flurry of blows, fisticuffs”)

   ‎mynn- (“root of mynnes, to want”) + ‎-as → ‎mynnas (“wish, purpose, intent”)

• George, Ken (2020), An Gerlyver Meur, 3rd edition, Truro: Kesva an Taves Kernewek, →ISBN, pages 77, 99

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-as m pers

1. masculine noun suffix

• -as in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

The vowel of -as is likely cognate with the Latin present, as in amat (“s/he loves”), and the corresponding present infinitive amāre, permitting the natural (for a European) -ant ending. i could come from past tense in Latin ami, amisti.

• IPA^(key): /as/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: -as

-as

1. ending of the present tense in verbs.

• “-as”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “-as”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

From Proto-Finnic *-as, a variant of *-s (adjective-forming suffix), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-s.

-as (front-vowel variant -äs, linguistic notation -As)

1. Forms some adjectives.
2. Forms some nouns.

Note that gradation may apply.

• Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.

• sa

• IPA^(key): /a/ ~ /ɑ/
• Hyphenation: -as

-as

1. second-person singular past historic of -er

• IPA^(key): [ɒʃ]
• Rhymes: -ɒʃ

-as

1. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality"; sometimes referred to as ornative.

   ‎haj (“hair”) + ‎-as → ‎hajas (“covered with hair”)

2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.

   ‎fazék (“pot”) + ‎-as → ‎fazekas (“potter”)

3. (number-forming suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.

   ‎három (“three”) + ‎-as → ‎hármas (“the digit or figure 3”)

• (all senses) Variants:

  -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -os is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -as is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -es is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ös is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Borrowed from Esperanto -as, Latin -ās, French -es, Spanish -as.

• IPA^(key): /as/

-as

1. desinence of the present tense in verbs

• -is
• -os
• -ar
• -ir
• -or

• -eas (after palatal consonants)

• IPA^(key): /əsˠ/

From Old Irish -as, from Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   Synonym: -achas

-as

1. Relative ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense
2. Synthetic first person singular ending of first conjugation verbs in the past tense

-as

1. Suffix used with verbs for a place of.

• Franz Boas, Helene Boas Yampolsky & Zellig S. Harris (1947), “Kwakiutl Grammar with a Glossary of the Suffixes”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society‎^[3], volume 37, number 3, page 318

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈaːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈas]

By syncope, from the earlier form -ātis. If Oscan 𐌋𐌞𐌅𐌊𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (lúvkanateís, “Lucanian”, gen. sg.) has a cognate suffix -𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (-ateís), one can reconstruct Proto-Italic *-ātis.

-ās

1. Used to form gentilic adjectives with the meaning "of/from" a country or place.

In an exception to the usual Latin stress rule, Latin words ending in this suffix were generally stressed on the final syllable of their nominative singular forms in -ās because of the aforementioned syncope.

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

From Proto-Italic *-ans, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ns, the accusative plural of *-éh₂.

-ās

1. accusative plural of -a f (ending of feminine nouns)
2. accusative feminine plural of -us (suffix forming first/second declension adjectives)

-ās

1. accusative plural of -a m (suffix forming masculine agent nouns)

From Proto-Italic *-ās, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési.

-ās

1. second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)

From Proto-Italic *-ās, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂(e/o)s, the genitive singular of *-éh₂. Despite the existence of a few relic survivals in fixed expressions, this ending was largely displaced already in Old Latin by -āī (formed by analogy to the second-declension genitive singular ending -ī), which evolved to the Classical Latin genitive singular ending -ae.

-ās

1. (archaic) genitive singular of -a

   pater familiās ― master (lit. father) of the household

   Titā Vendiās ― of Tita Vendia

Unclear. Possibly derived from Proto-Italic *-ās, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂es, the nominative/vocative plural of *-éh₂. Rather than being inherited, it has been speculated that this ending was borrowed from Oscan (another Italic language). Alternatively, possibly taken from the accusative ending.^[1]

-ās

1. (nonstandard) nominative/vocative plural of -a

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-os.

• IPA^(key): [-ɐs]
• Syllabification: -as

-as m

1. nominal suffix (ending) of the first declension of the nouns.
2. nominal suffix (ending) which indicates a demonym.

   ‎Rusija (“Russia”) + ‎-as → ‎rusas (“Russian (person)”)

-as

1. alternative form of -esse (“-ess”)

-as

1. alternative form of -isch

From Proto-Sami *-ës. Cognate of Finnish -e, Estonian -e.

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈ-as/

-as

1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.

   ‎vuoidat (“to smear”) + ‎-as → ‎vuoiddas (“ointment”)

• This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and the strong grade in the other forms.

Odd, no gradation
Nominative	-as
Genitive	-asa
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-as	-asat
Accusative	-asa	-asiid
Genitive	-asa	-asiid
Illative	-asii	-asiidda
Locative	-asis	-asiin
Comitative	-asiin	-asiiguin
Essive	-asin
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person -asan -aseamẹ -aseamẹt 2nd person -asat -aseattẹ -aseattẹt 3rd person -asis -aseaskkạ -aseasẹt

Perhaps from the Proto-Germanic accusative plural ending *-anz, with regularly lost -n- before a fricative, or perhaps from the nominative plural *-ōs, a voiceless variety of the regular ending *-ōz, or a merger of both. Akin to Saterland Frisian -s, West Frisian -s, Old Saxon -os (Low German -s), Dutch -s, Swedish -ar.

• IPA^(key): /ɑs/

-as (noun inflectional suffix)

1. marks the plural nominative and accusative of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns

   ‎hund (“dog”) + ‎-as → ‎hundas (“dogs”)

   ‎wulf (“wolf”) + ‎-as → ‎wulfas (“wolves”)

• Middle English: -es, -as, -æs (Early Middle English), -s (especially Late Middle English), -is, -ys (Northern, Early Scots), -us (West Midland)
  • English: -s, -es (see there for further descendants)
  • Middle Scots: -is, -s
    • Scots: -s, -es

-as (verb inflectional suffix) (Anglian)

1. alternative form of -ast; marks the second person singular present indicative of class II weak verbs

Inherited from Latin -ās.

-as

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of a verb in -ar

   ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“[you] love”)

   ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“[you] sing”)

• Galician: -as
• Portuguese: -as

• -es (after palatal consonants)
• -us

From Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   ‎óclach (“young man”) + ‎-as → ‎óclachas (“youth”)

   ‎muinter (“family”) + ‎-as → ‎muinteras (“familiarity”)

• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 261; reprinted 2017

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-os.

• IPA^(key): /as/
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: -as
• Homophone: as

-as m pers

1. masculine noun suffix

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -as, from Latin -ās. Compare Galician and Spanish -as.

-as (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar

   ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“[you] love”)

   ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“[you] sing”)

• -es

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -as, a merger of Latin -ās (used with residual third conjugation non-i-stem verbs) with Latin -eās (used with Proto-Romance verbs in -ēre, which merged Latin second and third conjugation verbs) and Latin -iās (used with Proto-Romance verbs in -īre). The e/i in hiatus would have disappeared after palatalizing the previous consonant, which survives in some irregular verbs but has largely been analogically eliminated. Compare Galician and Spanish -as.

-as (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er

   ‎correr (“to run”) + ‎-as → ‎corras (“that you run”)

2. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ir

   ‎pedir (“to ask for”) + ‎-as → ‎peças (“that you ask for”)

• -es

From Latin -ās, the second-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs. Cognate with Asturian, Catalan, and French -es.

-as

1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar.

From Latin -eās, Latin -ās, and Latin -iās, the second-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

-as

1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er verbs and -ir verbs

• -es

-as

1. alternative form of -s (“adverbial suffix”)

• “påsk”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

• sa

• IPA^(key): /as/

-as f (noun-forming suffix, plural -asau or -asoedd)

1. forms abstract nouns; -ness, -ment

   ‎teyrn (“monarch, king”) + ‎-as → ‎teyrnas (“kingdom”)

   ‎bardd (“poet”) + ‎-as → ‎barddas (“poetry”)

   ‎urdd (“order, guild”) + ‎-as → ‎urddas (“honour, dignity”)

Cognate with Cornish -as.

-as (verb inflectional suffix)

1. (colloquial, South Wales) marks the third-person singular preterite of verbs

   Synonyms: -odd, -ws

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “-as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies