ihr

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See also: Ihr and IHR

Bavarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /iɐ̯/

Etymology 1

From Old High German ira.

Determiner

ihr

  1. (possessive) her
Declension
Declension of ihr
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative ihr ihr ihr ihre
dative ihrm ihrer ihrm ihrare
accusative ihrn ihr ihr ihrane
Derived terms

See also

Bavarian possessive pronouns
attributive
(nominative case)
independent
singular plural
singular 1st person mei meine meins
2nd person informal dei deine deins
formal Eahna Eahnare Eahnas
3rd person m, n sei seine seins
f ihr ihre ihrs
plural 1st person unsa unsare unsas
2nd person eia eire eias
3rd person eahna eahnare eahnas

Etymology 2

From Old High German iru, iro.

Pronoun

ihr

  1. dative of sie

German

Alternative forms

  • jr (obsolete)

Etymology 1

    From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with Low German ji, jie, Yiddish איר (ir), Dutch jij, gij, je, Middle Dutch ir, English ye, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jūs).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /iːr/, [iːɐ̯] (standard)
    • IPA(key): [ɐ] (colloquially in unstressed position)
    • Audio:(file)
    • Audio (Germany):(file)
    • Rhymes: -iːɐ̯

    Pronoun

    ihr pl

    1. you, ye (plural, familiar)
    Usage notes
    • This form is the plural of du, which is used chiefly towards people with whom one is privately acquainted (see there). One uses ihr towards a group of people if one would address every individual in that group with du. However, the plural ihr is somewhat less familiar than the singular du, meaning that it can sometimes be used in semi-formal situations where du towards an individual would not be appropriate. Learners should still, in any case of doubt, use Sie in order to be on the safe side.
    • The form Ihr (capitalized in writing) was formerly the polite second-person form for both singular and plural (compare French vous and Early Modern English you) and was used instead of contemporary Sie. Such usage still survives dialectally in some areas, and is encountered in historical contexts (e.g. fiction taking place in the distant past), but is otherwise rarely heard in standard German.
    • The genitive pronouns are very rare. They are used only in literary and formal style as a genitive object for certain adjectives, prepositions, or verbs which govern the genitive, such as entbehren and gedenken.
    • In the late 18th century and in the first half of the 19th century, the genitive was also eurer instead of euer, e.g. ich erinnere mich eurer instead of ich erinnere mich euer.[1][2][3][4][5]
    Declension
    German personal pronouns
    singular plural sing. and pl.
    1st person 2nd person
    familiar1
    3rd person 1st person 2nd person
    familiar1
    3rd person 2nd person
    polite/formal
    m f n
    nominative ich du
    -e2
    er sie
    -se2
    es wir ihr sie
    -se2
    Sie
    Ihr3
    genitive meiner
    mein3
    deiner
    dein3
    seiner
    sein3
    ihrer seiner
    sein3
    unser euer ihrer Ihrer
    Euer3
    dative mir dir ihm ihr ihm uns euch ihnen Ihnen
    Euch3
    accusative mich dich ihn sie
    -se2
    es uns euch sie
    -se2
    Sie
    Euch3

    1These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters.    2enclitic, colloquial    3archaic

    In older language the genitive is also written ewer and the accusative and dative sometimes ewch.

    Etymology 2

    From Old High German iru, iro.

    Pronoun

    ihr

    1. dative of sie
      Hast du ihr das Buch gegeben?
      Did you give her the book?

    Etymology 3

      From Old High German ira, from Proto-Germanic *hezōi.

      Determiner

      ihr

      1. her (possessive)
        Laura hat mir ihr neues Auto gezeigt.
        Laura showed me her new car.
        Die Katze spielt oft mit ihren Spielsachen.
        The cat often plays with her toys.
      2. its (when the owning object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine)
        die Sonne und ihre Wärme
        the sun and its warmth
      Declension
      Declension of ihr
      singular plural
      m f n
      nominative ihr ihre ihr ihre
      genitive ihres ihrer ihres ihrer
      dative ihrem ihrer ihrem ihren
      accusative ihren ihre ihr ihre

      Etymology 4

        From Old High German iro.

        Determiner

        ihr

        1. their
          Die Kinder spielen mit ihrem Hund.
          The kids are playing with their dog.
          die Wolken und ihre Schönheit
          the clouds and their beauty
        Declension
        Declension of ihr
        singular plural
        m f n
        nominative ihr ihre ihr ihre
        genitive ihres ihrer ihres ihrer
        dative ihrem ihrer ihrem ihren
        accusative ihren ihre ihr ihre

        References

        1. ^ Karl Ferdinand Becker: Schulgrammatik der deutschen Sprache. Vierte neubearbeitete Ausgabe. Frankfurt am Main, 1839, p. 143.
        2. ^ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, in Götz von Berlichingen: „Götz. Ich erinnere mich eurer nicht.“
        3. ^ Shakspeare, translated by Aug. Wilh. v. Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck, in Maaß für Maaß: „Herzog. Ich erinnere mich eurer, Herr, an dem Ton eurer Stimme[.]“
        4. ^ Konrad Duden: Vollständiges Orthographisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Sechste, verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage. Leipzig and Wien, 1900, p. 102: „euer (Genitiv von ihr); euer (nicht: eurer) sind drei; ich erinnere mich euer (nicht: eurer)“
        5. ^ Wahrig: Die deutsche Rechtschreibung. Band 1: A–K. Bertelsmann Lexikon Institut, 2007, p. 529: „ich gedenke euer, ich erinnere mich euer (falsch: eurer)“

        Further reading

        Mokilese

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ˈiːr/

        Pronoun

        ihr

        1. first person inclusive remote plural; all of them

        Usage notes

        Like other remote plural pronouns, ihr is rare. It is used to refer to a large group of people who are not present.

        See also

        Mokilese personal pronouns
        singular 1st person ngoah, ngoahi
        2nd person koah, koawoa
        3rd person ih
        dual 1st person exclusive kisa
        1st person inclusive kama
        2nd person kamwa
        3rd person ara, ira
        plural 1st person exclusive kisai
        1st person inclusive kamai
        2nd person kamwai
        3rd person arai, irai
        remote plural 1st person exclusive kihs
        1st person inclusive kimi
        2nd person kimwi
        3rd person ihr

        References

        • Harrison, Sheldon P.; Albert, Salich Y. (1977), Mokilese-English Dictionary‎[2], Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 29